Intermediary Spaces and Social Capital: An Analysis of the Role of Semi-Public Architecture in Enhancing Social Interactions
Keywords:
Intermediary Spaces, Social Capital, Semi-Public Architecture, Social Interactions, Urban Design, TehranAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the role of intermediary spaces and semi-public architecture in enhancing social interactions and to examine the mediating role of social capital in this relationship among residents of Tehran. This quantitative study employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of urban residents of Tehran who regularly used semi-public urban spaces. A total of 384 participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Intermediary Space Quality Assessment Questionnaire, the Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire, and the Urban Social Interaction Scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between intermediary-space quality and social capital (r=0.64, p<0.01). Intermediary-space quality was also positively associated with social interactions (r=0.69, p<0.01), while social capital demonstrated a significant positive correlation with social interactions (r=0.72, p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that intermediary-space dimensions explained 53% of the variance in social capital, with opportunities for social interaction emerging as the strongest predictor (β=0.35). Structural equation modeling further showed that intermediary spaces had significant direct effects on social capital (β=0.64, p<0.001) and social interactions (β=0.37, p<0.001). Moreover, the indirect effect of intermediary spaces on social interactions through social capital was significant (β=0.33, p<0.001), indicating the partial mediating role of social capital. The findings suggest that intermediary spaces and semi-public architecture contribute substantially to the enhancement of social capital and social interactions by creating opportunities for communication, strengthening social trust, fostering a sense of belonging, and encouraging civic participation. Therefore, the planning, design, and management of semi-public spaces should be considered an effective strategy for promoting social cohesion and improving urban quality of life.
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